In this report, Manchester City of Languages’ Yaron Matras and Santiago Chau Príncipe compare changes to census figures on languages in Manchester between 2011 and 2021. They find increases for a number of languages, and explain them through comparison with other datasets as well as first hand observations in the city’s communities. They also draw attention to issues of methodology that make it difficult to get a fully reliable picture. They conclude by flagging the benefits of tighter coordination of data collection efforts.